Foods to Avoid
These trigger reflux or weaken the esophageal sphincter
Biggest Triggers
- Citrus fruits and juice (oranges, grapefruit, lemons in large amounts)
- Tomatoes and tomato-based sauces, soup, and salsa
- Fried foods and anything high in saturated fat
- Chocolate (relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter)
- Peppermint, including mint tea and candy (also relaxes the sphincter)
- Carbonated beverages, including sparkling water
- Alcohol
Other Common Triggers
- Coffee and caffeinated tea (even decaf can be a problem for some)
- Spicy foods
- Raw onions and raw garlic
- Full-fat dairy: cream, butter, whole milk in large amounts
- Processed meats: sausage, bacon, deli meat high in fat
- Vinegar and acidic dressings
Habits That Worsen Reflux
- Large meals. Smaller portions reduce pressure on the sphincter.
- Eating within 2–3 hours of lying down
- Eating too fast or while stressed
- Tight waistbands and clothing after meals
Triggers vary by person. Keep a 2-week food and symptom log to identify your specific patterns before cutting everything at once.
Foods to Focus On
Low-acid, easy to digest, soothing to the lining
Vegetables
- Leafy greens: spinach, kale, Swiss chard, arugula
- Broccoli, green beans, asparagus, zucchini, celery
- Cucumber (peeled if needed)
- Beets, carrots, sweet potatoes
- Fennel (soothes GI smooth muscle)
Fruit
- Bananas (low acid and coating to the esophagus)
- Cantaloupe, honeydew, and watermelon
- Pears and apples (peeled if raw fruit bothers you)
Protein
- Baked, grilled, or poached chicken and turkey
- Mild white fish: cod, tilapia, halibut, sole
- Egg whites (whole eggs are usually fine if not a trigger)
- Lentils and beans (if they don't cause bloating)
Grains & Fats
- Oatmeal. Absorbs excess acid. Eat plain or with banana.
- Brown rice, quinoa, whole grain bread
- Avocado in small amounts
- Unsalted almonds (a small handful can buffer acid)
- Olive oil (use in moderation, fat still slows gastric emptying)